1. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u201cgian l\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u201d ho\u1eb7c vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 trong d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n1.1. T\u0103ng gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 k\u00ea khai\/\u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, h\u00e0nh vi t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho kh\u00e1ch; Ni\u00eam y\u1ebft m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c (gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n); Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u201cgi\u00e1 T\u1ebft\u201d, \u201cph\u1ee5 thu\u201d, \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c gian l\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ni\u00eam y\u1ebft gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng khai, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1 ni\u00eam y\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.2. K\u00ea khai\/\u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd gi\u00e1 sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0: doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1; k\u00ea khai gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n cao h\u01a1n; b\u00e1n k\u00e8m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o; ghi gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng thu gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.3. G\u0103m h\u00e0ng, t\u1ea1o khan hi\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 (\u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, thao t\u00fang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u201cch\u00e1y h\u00e0ng\u201d d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n cung, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n ra v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c mua s\u1edbm v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.4. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd do chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.5. G\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn\/che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea3ng \u201cgi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckhuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i l\u1edbn\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, gi\u00e1 khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 g\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadp m\u1edd khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
- \n
- T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, h\u00e0nh vi t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c ni\u00eam y\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho kh\u00e1ch; Ni\u00eam y\u1ebft m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c (gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n); Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 l\u00fd do t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u201cgi\u00e1 T\u1ebft\u201d, \u201cph\u1ee5 thu\u201d, \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c gian l\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ni\u00eam y\u1ebft gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng khai, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1 ni\u00eam y\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.2. K\u00ea khai\/\u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd gi\u00e1 sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0: doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1; k\u00ea khai gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n cao h\u01a1n; b\u00e1n k\u00e8m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o; ghi gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng thu gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.3. G\u0103m h\u00e0ng, t\u1ea1o khan hi\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 (\u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, thao t\u00fang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u201cch\u00e1y h\u00e0ng\u201d d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n cung, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n ra v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c mua s\u1edbm v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.4. Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd do chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
1.5. G\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn\/che gi\u1ea5u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p b\u1ea3ng \u201cgi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckhuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i l\u1edbn\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m, gi\u00e1 khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 g\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eadp m\u1edd khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh mua h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd do chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u201cch\u00e1y h\u00e0ng\u201d d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n cung, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n ra v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khan hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c mua s\u1edbm v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0: doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1; k\u00ea khai gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n cao h\u01a1n; b\u00e1n k\u00e8m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201c\u1ea9n\u201d nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o; ghi gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng thu gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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